Computer Science vs. Software Engineering: Which Path Should You Choose?

The terms computer science and software engineering are often thrown around interchangeably. But, when you’re considering earning a degree and setting up your life’s career path, it pays to know the difference between computer science vs. software engineering.

Whether you are choosing your major, applying for jobs, or just interested in learning the differences between the two related subjects, we are going to share what there is to know in this article.

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What is Computer Science?

Computer science is the study of computers, programming, and computational systems. It focuses on theoretical foundations, including algorithms, data structures, artificial intelligence, and machine learning.

A computer science degree covers a broad range of topics, from software development to cybersecurity. It emphasizes problem-solving and innovation, preparing students to create new computing technologies rather than just applying existing ones.

Key Topics in Computer Science:

• Programming languages (Python, Java, C++)
• Data structures and algorithms
• Artificial intelligence and machine learning
• Cybersecurity and cryptography
• Database management

Computer science graduates often work in software development, research, data science, and systems architecture, among other fields.

What is Software Engineering?

Software engineering applies engineering principles to software development. It focuses on designing, building, and maintaining software systems efficiently and reliably.

Unlike computer science, which is more theoretical, software engineering is highly practical and emphasizes methodologies for developing large-scale, high-quality software systems.

Key Topics in Software Engineering:

• Software development life cycle (SDLC)
• Software testing and debugging
• Project management and team collaboration
• Object-oriented design
• Cloud computing and DevOps

Software engineers typically develop applications, build operating systems, or manage software teams in finance, healthcare, and technology.

Main Differences Between Software Engineering vs Computer Science

While both fields involve working with computers and software, their focus and application differ significantly.

Degree Focus

A computer science degree is more theoretical, focusing on computational theory, algorithms, and problem-solving. Students learn how to develop new computing technologies and work with data-intensive applications like artificial intelligence and machine learning.

A software engineering degree is more practical, teaching students how to apply engineering principles to software development. It emphasizes software design, project management, and system architecture to ensure efficiency and reliability in real-world applications.

Curriculum Comparison

• Computer Science: Programming languages, algorithms, AI, cybersecurity, database management
• Software Engineering: Software development life cycle (SDLC), testing, debugging, software architecture, project management

Computer science may be the better fit if you enjoy solving abstract problems and working on innovations like AI and cybersecurity. If you prefer hands-on development and project-based work, software engineering could be the right choice.

Career Expectations

Choosing between computer science and software engineering affects your career path. While both degrees lead to opportunities in the tech industry, the type of work differs.

Jobs for Computer Science Graduates

A computer science degree offers a broad range of career options, including:

• Software Developer – Design and develop applications for web, mobile, or enterprise use.
• Data Scientist – Analyze large datasets using machine learning and AI to solve business problems.
• Cybersecurity Analyst – Protect organizations from cyber threats by securing networks and data.
• Systems Architect – Design and build complex computing infrastructures for businesses.

Jobs for Software Engineering Graduates

Software engineering jobs are more specialized and focus on building, testing, and maintaining software. Some roles include:

• Software Engineer – Develop applications, operating systems, or embedded software solutions.
• QA Engineer – Test and debug software to ensure reliability and performance.
• Mobile App Developer – Create software for iOS, Android, or cross-platform environments.
• Database Administrator – Manage and optimize large-scale databases for organizations.

Both career paths offer high-paying and in-demand job opportunities, but software engineers tend to focus more on software design and development, while computer scientists may explore research, AI, or systems architecture.

Job Outlook

The demand for computer science and software engineering professionals continues to grow as technology evolves. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) projects a 17% job growth for software developers, quality assurance analysts, and testers from 2023 to 2033, which is much faster than the average for all occupations. Similarly, computer and information research scientists are expected to see a 26% job growth over the same period, driven by the increasing reliance on AI, cybersecurity, and big data applications.

Both fields offer strong salaries and long-term stability, making them attractive career choices. As of May 2023, the median annual wage for software developers was $132,270, while computer and information research scientists earned a median annual wage of $157,160.

However, software engineers may have more immediate job opportunities due to the high demand for developers in industries like finance, healthcare, and e-commerce. Meanwhile, computer science graduates can explore a broader range of career paths, from research and AI development to cybersecurity and cloud computing.

It’s also worth noting that while AI advancements are automating certain coding tasks, the demand for skilled professionals remains strong, particularly for those who can manage and innovate complex digital systems. This underscores the continued relevance and evolving nature of careers in both software engineering and computer science.

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How to Earn Your Degree Online and Start Your Tech Career

Online education is a great option if you’re looking for a flexible and affordable way to earn your degree. The University of the People (UoPeople) offers a tuition-free, accredited Computer Science degree, allowing students to study at their own pace.

Why Choose UoPeople for Your Computer Science Degree?

• Completely online and tuition-free (excluding small assessment fees).
• Accredited and recognized worldwide, ensuring credibility.
• Flexible scheduling to fit your personal and professional commitments.
• Opportunities to specialize in Data Science or Network & Application Security.

Additionally, if you’re already working in software engineering or IT, you can boost your career with UoPeople’s certificate programs in Data Science or Network & Application Security—perfect for upskilling without committing to a full degree.

Final Thoughts

Choosing between computer science and software engineering depends on your interests and career goals. A computer science degree may be the right fit if you enjoy problem-solving, theoretical concepts, and exploring a wide range of technology applications. If you prefer hands-on work, building software, and focusing on engineering principles, software engineering could be the better choice.

Both fields offer strong job growth, high salaries, and opportunities to work in diverse industries, from AI and cybersecurity to app development and cloud computing. No matter which path you take, earning a degree—especially through a flexible online program—can open doors to exciting and rewarding careers in technology.

FAQs

Which is harder: Computer Science or Software Engineering?

Both fields require strong analytical and problem-solving skills, but computer science is often seen as more theoretical, involving algorithms, computation, and research. Software engineering focuses on applying engineering principles to software development, which can be more hands-on. The difficulty depends on your strengths and interests.

Do software engineers make more than computer scientists?

Salaries depend on experience, location, and industry. Generally, software engineers earn competitive salaries, especially in high-demand sectors like finance and e-commerce. Computer scientists often work in research, AI, and cybersecurity, which can also lead to high-paying roles.

Can I switch from computer science to software engineering (or vice versa)?

Yes, the skills overlap significantly. A computer science degree gives you the foundation to move into software engineering, while a software engineering degree provides the practical skills to transition into broader computer science roles.

Is a computer science or software engineering degree better for AI and machine learning?

Computer science is typically the better choice if you’re interested in AI and machine learning since it covers algorithms, data science, and computational theory, which are critical in these fields. However, software engineers can also specialize in AI by gaining additional skills in machine learning frameworks.

Do I need a degree to work in software engineering or computer science?

Many employers prefer a bachelor’s degree in computer science or software engineering, but some roles accept boot camp graduates or self-taught developers with strong portfolios. Advanced positions, particularly in research, cybersecurity, or AI, often require a master’s degree.